Basics of Organic Chemistry (GOC)

In partition chromatography, which includes paper chromatography, the stationary phase is typically water held by cellulose fibers in the paper.

This paper acts as an inert support.

When a mixture is applied to the paper, its components partition between this stationary phase and the mobile phase (which can be a liquid or a gas).

The varying affinities of the mixture's components for the stationary and mobile phases allow for their separation.

Now, let's address the options : Option A : Mobile phase can be a gas - This is true.

In partition chromatography, the mobile phase can be either a liquid or a gas.

Option B : Stationary phase is a finely divided solid adsorbent - This is typically false for partition chromatography.

Here, the stationary phase is a liquid (like water in paper chromatography) that's held by an inert solid support (like cellulose paper).

Option C : Separation depends upon equilibration of solute between a mobile and a stationary phase - This is true.

In partition chromatography, the mixture's components equilibrate between the mobile and stationary phases, leading to their separation.

Option D : Paper chromatography is an example of partition chromatography - This is true.

As explained above, in paper chromatography, the stationary phase (water) is held by an inert support (cellulose paper), fitting the definition of partition chromatography.

According to question, Absorption of I > II, it means I is firmly attached to column.

Hence it will move slowly and move little distance.

As II is loosely attached to column.

So, it will move faster and will move larger distance.

Because of +I effect of -C2H5 group, C2H5NH2 and (C2H5)2NH are more basic than NH3.

When with amine ethyl group (-C2H5) present then basic strength order : 2o amine > 3o amine > 1o amine Note : When with amine methyl group (-CH3) present then basic strength order : 2o amine > 1o amine > 3o amine

Only 4-methylpent-2-ene shows geometrical isomerism.

Kjeldahl’s method is not applicable to compounds containing nitrogen in nitro, azo groups and nitrogen present in ring (pyridine).

In column chromatography, we separate different parts of a mixture by washing it with solvents.

The part of the mixture that gets most strongly attached to the moving solvent (or mobile phase) moves down the column quicker and comes out first.

This is marked by a high Rf value.

Other parts of the mixture follow in the order of decreasing Rf values.

In this particular separation, we're using a very polar solvent because most of it is ethyl acetate (80%).

This means that the most polar part of the mixture (the one with the highest dipole moment) will have the highest Rf value and will be the first to come out.

We measure the dipole moments of the mixture's components to determine this order.

$\therefore$ The sequence of obtained compounds is

Reduced pressure distillation or vacuum distillation is used for the purification of high boiling organic liquids which decomposes at or below their boiling point.

Staggered and eclipsed conformers of ethane also known as rotamers.

Ethylidene chloride is CH3– CHCl2, its IUPAC name is 1,1-Dichloromethane.

Benzene is more stable than hypothetical cyclohexatriene due to the delocalization of electrons in the π electron cloud of the aromatic ring.

This delocalization of electrons leads to a more stable electronic configuration in benzene, as the electrons are shared more evenly between all six carbon atoms in the ring.

This is in agreement with Assertion A.

Reason R is also correct, as the delocalized π electron cloud in the aromatic ring is attracted more strongly by the nuclei of the carbon atoms.

This is due to the fact that the π electrons in the ring are more spread out and are not localized to a single atom, which makes them more attracted to the positively charged nuclei of the carbon atoms.

This explanation supports Assertion A.