Biomolecules

(A) Starch $\xrightarrow{\mathrm{H}^{+} / \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}}$ Glucose (B)

(C)

(D) Amylopectin $\xrightarrow{\mathrm{H}^{+} / \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}}$ Glucose (E) Amylose $\xrightarrow{\mathrm{H}^{+} / \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}}$ Glucose So, correct options are B, C and E only

In Ribose carbohydrate present in DNA is $\beta-2-$ Deoxy-D-Ribose whose structure is which is a reducing $D$-sugar in $\beta$ anomeric form & it is a pentose sugar.

Statement I: D-glucose pentaacetate does not react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH).

This is because D-glucose pentaacetate is a derivative where all the hydroxyl groups of D-glucose have been acetylated, eliminating the presence of a free aldehyde group.

Since DNPH reacts specifically with free aldehyde or ketone groups to form hydrazones, D-glucose pentaacetate does not participate in this reaction.

Statement II: Starch, when heated with concentrated sulfuric acid at 100°C and under a pressure of 2-3 atmospheres, undergoes hydrolysis.

This process breaks the glycosidic linkages in starch, resulting in the production of glucose.

This statement is accurate as starch is a polysaccharide composed of glucose units and can be broken down into glucose under these conditions.

The correct information based on the statements is: Statement I is false, as D-glucose pentaacetate does not react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine due to the absence of a free aldehyde group.

Statement II is true, as the described method effectively converts starch into glucose.

To clarify the statements regarding amino acids: Chirality in Amino Acids: Most naturally occurring amino acids contain at least one chiral center, but there are exceptions.

For example, Isoleucine has two chiral centers, and Glycine is an exception as it is optically inactive due to lacking a chiral center.

Cysteine and Dimerization: The amino acid Cysteine can easily undergo dimerization.

This is due to its free sulfhydryl (SH) group, which can form disulfide bonds, leading to the formation of a dimer.

Carboxyl Groups in Amino Acids: Glutamic acid is not the only amino acid with a carboxyl group in its side chain.

Aspartic acid also contains a carboxyl group in its side chain.

Optical Activity: While many naturally occurring amino acids are indeed optically active, Glycine is an exception as it does not possess a chiral center and is hence optically inactive.

In summary: Not all naturally occurring amino acids are optically active (e.g., Glycine).

Not all naturally occurring amino acids contain only one chiral center (e.g., Isoleucine has two).

Both Glutamic acid and Aspartic acid contain side chain carboxyl groups.

Cysteine can dimerize due to its SH group.

To determine the number of tetrapeptide sequences possible using the amino acids glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala), valine (Val), and leucine (Leu), we consider the concept of permutations.

Since each tetrapeptide sequence consists of four different amino acids, we need to calculate the number of ways to arrange these four different elements.

The formula for the number of permutations of a set of $n$ distinct elements is given by $n!$ (n factorial), where $n! = n \times (n-1) \times (n-2) \times \cdots \times 1$.

For our case: $n = 4$ Hence, the number of possible sequences (or permutations) is: $4! = 4 \times 3 \times 2 \times 1 = 24$ Thus, there are 24 different tetrapeptide sequences possible using each of the four amino acids exactly once.

When oligopeptides undergo hydrolysis, they yield a small number of α-amino acids.

In contrast, proteins do not produce β-amino acids upon hydrolysis.

Thus, Statement I is incorrect.

Furthermore, natural proteins, when subjected to denaturation by acids, do not convert fibrous proteins from a water-soluble to a water-insoluble form, as fibrous proteins are inherently not water-soluble.

Therefore, Statement II is also incorrect.

In conclusion, both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.

Fat-soluble vitamins are A, D, E and K.

From the list: A: Vitamin B₁ – water-soluble B: Vitamin C – water-soluble C: Vitamin E – fat-soluble D: Vitamin B₁₂ – water-soluble E: Vitamin K – fat-soluble So the fat-soluble ones are C (E) and E (K), which is Option C.

The one-letter code for each amino acid is as follows: Glutamic Acid (A) is represented by the letter E (III).

Glutamine (B) is represented by the letter Q (I).

Tyrosine (C) is represented by the letter Y (IV).

Tryptophan (D) is represented by the letter W (II).

These one-letter codes are part of the standard notation used in biology and biochemistry to represent the 20 standard amino acids, plus a few others.

The codes are designed to be short and easy to remember, while still being distinct from each other.

In protein chemistry, each amino acid is assigned a one-letter code to simplify notation.

The matching for the given amino acids to their one-letter codes is as follows: Arginine (A) - R (IV) Aspartic Acid (B) - D (I) Asparagine (C) - N (II) Alanine (D) - A (III) So, the correct answer is Option C: (A) - IV, (B) - I, (C) - II, (D) - III.

A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV Fact based.