d and f Block Elements

$2 \mathrm{Cu}^{2+}+4 \mathrm{KI} \longrightarrow \underset{\text{ White ppt. }}{\mathrm{Cu}_{2} \mathrm{I}_{2}}+\mathrm{I}_{2}$ $\mathrm{I}_{2}+\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3} \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{Nal}+\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{6}$ $\mathrm{X}=\mathrm{Cu}_{2} \mathrm{I}_{2}$ $\mathrm{Y}=\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{6}$

To match the catalysts to the correct processes : $TiCl_3$ is well-known as a catalyst in Ziegler-Natta polymerization which is used for the production of polymers of olefins.

So, $(A) - (ii)$. $PdCl_2$ is used in the Wacker process, which is used to convert ethene to acetaldehyde.

Hence, $(B) - (i)$. $V_2O_5$ is used in the Contact process to manufacture sulfuric acid by catalyzing the oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide.

Therefore, $(D) - (iii)$. $CuCl_2$ is used in Deacon's process for the oxidation of hydrochloric acid to chlorine.

Hence, $(C) - (iv)$.

Comparing these pairings with the options given, we find that the correct option is :

$\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{Cr}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7} \stackrel{\Delta}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{N}_{2}+4 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}+\mathrm{Cr}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ $\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}+\mathrm{HCl} \longrightarrow \mathrm{KCl}+\mathrm{MnCl}_{2}+\mathrm{Cl}_{2}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ $\mathrm{Al}+\mathrm{NaOH}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Na}\left(\mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{4}\right)+\mathrm{H}_{2}$ $2 \mathrm{NaNO}_{3}(\mathrm{~s}) \stackrel{\Delta}{\longrightarrow} 2 \mathrm{NaNO}_{2}(\mathrm{~s})+\mathrm{O}_{2}$

To match the items from List I to List II, we need to understand the composition of each material: Bronze is an alloy composed of copper (Cu) and tin (Sn).

Brass is an alloy made of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn).

The UK silver coin primarily consists of copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni).

Stainless steel is an alloy that includes iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and carbon (C).

Based on these definitions, the correct matches are: (A) Bronze corresponds to (IV) Cu, Sn (B) Brass corresponds to (III) Cu, Zn (C) UK silver coin corresponds to (I) Cu, Ni (D) Stainless steel corresponds to (II) Fe, Cr, Ni, C These pairings illustrate the composition of each material and ensure accurate alignment between List I and List II.

(1) .tg .tg V = 3d34s2 V2+ = 3d3 = 3 unpaired electron Cr = 3d54s1 Cr2+ = 3d4 = 4 unpaired electron Mn = 3d54s2 Mn2+ = 3d5 = 5 unpaired electron Fe = 3d64s2 Fe2+ = 3d6 = 4 unpaired electron hence the correct order of paramagnetic behaviour

(2)

For the same oxidation state, the-ionic radii generally

-creases as the atomic number increases in a particular transition series. Hence the order is

(3) In solution, the stability of the compounds depends upon electrode potentials,

of the transitions metal ions are given as

is highly stable as it does not show

(4)

.tg .tg Configuration No. of unpaired e$^-$ (1) $\mathrm{V}^{3+}$ $\Rightarrow$ $[\mathrm{Ar}] 3 \mathrm{~d}^3 4 \mathrm{~s}^0$ 3 $\mathrm{Co}^{2+}$ $\Rightarrow$ $[\mathrm{Ar}] 3 \mathrm{~d}^7 4 \mathrm{~s}^0$ 3 (2) $\mathrm{Ti}^{2+}$ $\Rightarrow$ $[\mathrm{Ar}] 3 \mathrm{~d}^2 4 \mathrm{~s}^0$ 2 $\mathrm{Co}^{2+}$ $\Rightarrow$ $[\mathrm{Ar}] 3 \mathrm{~d}^7 4 \mathrm{~s}^0$ 3 (3) $\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}$ $\Rightarrow$ $[\mathrm{Ar}] 3 \mathrm{~d}^5 4 \mathrm{~s}^0$ 5 $\mathrm{Cr}^{2+}$ $\Rightarrow$ $[\mathrm{Ar}] 3 \mathrm{~d}^4 4 \mathrm{~s}^0$ 4 (4) $\mathrm{Ti}^{3+}$ $\Rightarrow$ $[\mathrm{Ar}] 3 \mathrm{~d}^1 4 \mathrm{~s}^0$ 1 $\mathrm{Mn}^{2+}$ $\Rightarrow$ $[\mathrm{Ar}] 3 \mathrm{~d}^5 4 \mathrm{~s}^0$ 5 So $\mathrm{V}^{2+} \& \mathrm{Co}^{2+}$ same number of unpaired electron.

Bronze contains 75 – 90% Cu and 10 – 25% Sn Cast iron is used to make wraugut iron.

German silver contains 56% Cu, 24% Zn and 20% Ni.

Brass contains 60% Cu and 40% Zn.

Note : .tg .tg Alloys Composition Brass 60% Cu + 40% Zn Bronze 75-90% Cu + 10-25% Sn Gun-metal 90% Cu + 8% Sn + 2% Zn Aluminium bronze 90% Cu + 10% Al Monel metal 30% Cu + 67% Ni + 3% (Fe + Mn) German Silver 56% Cu + 24% Zn + 20% Ni Manganin 78-86% Cu + 13-18% Mn + 1-4% Ni Bell metal 80% Cu + 20% Sn Constantan 60% Cu + 40% Ni

Composition of German Silver $\to$ 56% Cu + 24% Zn + 20% Ni Note : .tg .tg Alloys Composition Brass 60% Cu + 40% Zn Bronze 75-90% Cu + 10-25% Sn Gun-metal 90% Cu + 8% Sn + 2% Zn Aluminium bronze 90% Cu + 10% Al Monel metal 30% Cu + 67% Ni + 3% (Fe + Mn) German Silver 56% Cu + 24% Zn + 20% Ni Manganin 78-86% Cu + 13-18% Mn + 1-4% Ni Bell metal 80% Cu + 20% Sn Constantan 60% Cu + 40% Ni