According to fluid mosaic model, a slow flip-flop motion (transfer of lipid molecules from one side of the bilayer to the other) is possible for lipids.
Proteins cannot flip-flop.
In a plant cell, vacuole is bounded by a differentially or selectively permeable membrane called tonoplast.
It is filled with cell sap containing organic acids, soluble carbohydrates, amino acids, alkaloids and anthocyanin pigments.
Both mitochondria and chloroplast are semiautonomous organelles with their own DNA.
However, the thylakoid space is only in chloroplasts, not in mitochondria.
Biological organisms starts with submicroscopic molecular level like viruses, bacteria etc.
These organisms are unable to be seen by naked eyes without the help of microscope.
The enzymes of electron transport system are present in inner mitochondrial membrane, not the outer membrane.
Eukaryotic cilia are made up of tubulin protein with a core of 2 microtubules surrounded by 9 doublet microtubules.
In electron microscopes, a high energy beam of electrons is focused through electromagnetic lenses.
The increased resolution results from the shorter wavelength of the electron beam.
During anaphase, the centromere of each chromosome divides, converting two chromatids into daughter chromosomes that move toward the poles.
Mitchell proposed chemiosmotic coupling.
A concentration gradient of protons is established across the mitochondrial membrane.
The proton accumulation is necessary for energy transfer to the endergonic ADP phosphorylation process.
Flip-Flop movement is due to migration of lipid molecules from one lipid monolayer to other.
Proteins cannot undergo flip-flop movements.
