Chemical Coordination and Integration Questions — NEET Biology

Q1

Which one of the following pairs correctly matches a hormone with a disease resulting from its deficiency?

A Luteinizing hormone - Failure of ovulation

B Insulin - Diabetes insipidus

C Thyroxine - Tetany

D Parathyroid hormone - Diabetes mellitus

Correct Answer

Option A

Solution

(a) Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates ovulation. Deficiency causes failure of ovulation.

Q2

Which of the following is an accumulation and release centre of neurohormones?

A Intermediate lobe of the pituitary

B Hypothalamus

C Anterior pituitary lobe

D Posterior pituitary lobe

Correct Answer

Option D

Solution

(d) Neurohormones secreted by hypothalamus are transported to and stored in posterior pituitary gland.

Q3

Sertoli cells are regulated by the pituitary hormone known as

A GH

B Prolactin

C LH

D FSH

Correct Answer

Option D

Solution

(d) Sertoli cells and spermatogenesis are under the direct influence of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

Q4

Feeling the tremors of an earthquake a scared person starts climbing down stairs rapidly. Which hormone initiated this action?

A adrenaline

B glucagon

C gastrin

D thyroxine

Correct Answer

Option A

Solution

(a) Adrenaline (emergency/fight-or-flight hormone) stimulates sweating, heart beat and breathing rate.

Q5

A person is having problems with calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Which one of the following glands may not be functioning properly?

A Parotid

B Pancreas

C Thyroid

D Parathyroid

Correct Answer

Option D

Solution

(d) Parathyroid disorders cause lowering of blood calcium level, causing cramps and convulsions.

Q6

Which part of ovary in mammals acts as an endocrine gland after ovulation?

A Stroma

B Germinal epithelium

C Vetelline membrane

D Graafian follicle.

Correct Answer

Option D

Solution

(d) After ovulation, the Graafian follicle transforms into corpus luteum which acts as an endocrine gland.

Q7

Artificial light, extended work-time and reduced sleep-time disrupt the activity of

A Posterior pituitary gland

B Thymus gland

C Pineal gland

D Adrenal gland

Correct Answer

Option C

Solution

(c) Pineal gland produces melatonin which regulates the sleep-wake cycle. Artificial light disrupts its activity.

Q8

Which one of the following pairs of organs includes only the endocrine glands?

A Parathyroid and Adrenal

B Pancreas and Parathyroid

C Thymus and Testes

D Adrenal and Ovary

Correct Answer

Option A

Solution

(a) Parathyroid and adrenal are purely endocrine glands.

Q9

The blood calcium level is lowered by the deficiency of

A parathormone

B thyroxine

C both calcitonin and parathormone

D calcitonin

Correct Answer

Option A

Solution

(a) Parathormone is secreted by parathyroid gland in response to low calcium levels, acting to raise calcium in blood.

Q10

A health disorder resulting from thyroxine deficiency in adults characterised by low metabolic rate, increased body weight and tendency to retain water is:

A simple goitre

B myxoedema

C cretinism

D hypothyroidism

Correct Answer

Option B

Solution

(b) Myxoedema is caused by deficiency of thyroxine in adults, with low metabolic rate, weight increase and water retention.