Evolution — Page 4 | NEET Biology

Q31

The presence of gill slits in the embryos of all vertebrates supports the theory of

A biogenesis

B recapitulation

C metamorphosis

D organic evolution

Correct Answer

Option B

Solution

(b) Gill slits in vertebrate embryos support the theory of recapitulation (ontogeny repeats phylogeny).

Q32

Which one of the following sets includes only vestigial structures in man?

A Body hair, olecranon process, coccyx, patella

B Wisdom teeth, mammary glands, coccyx, patella

C Coccyx, nictitating membrane, vermiform appendix, ear muscles

D Coccyx, body hair, ear ossicles, vermiform appendix

Correct Answer

Option C

Solution

(c) Classic human vestigial organs: coccyx, nictitating membrane, vermiform appendix, ear muscles.

Q33

Identify the correct sequence in which substances have appeared during evolution of life on earth

A Glucose, amino acids, nucleic acids, proteins

B Ammonia, amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids

C Water, amino acids, nucleic acids, enzymes

D Amino acids, ammonia, phosphates, nucleic acids

Correct Answer

Option B

Solution

(b) Ammonia → amino acids → proteins → nucleic acids.

Q34

Which one of the following features is closely related with the evolution of humans?

A Loss of tail

B Shortening of jaws

C Binocular vision

D Flat nails

Correct Answer

Option A

Solution

(a) Loss of prehensile tail is associated with development of erect posture and bipedal gait.

Q35

Forelimbs of cat, lizard, whale and bat are example of:

A Analogous organs

B Adaptive radiation

C Homologous organs

D Convergent evolution

Correct Answer

Option C

Solution

(c) Forelimbs modified for different functions but with same basic structure — homologous organs.

Q36

Which one of the following statements about fossil human species is correct?

A Fossils of Homo neanderthalensis have been found recently in South America

B Neanderthal man and Cro-Magnon man did exist for sometime together

C Australopithecus fossils have been found in Australia

D Homo erectus was preceded by Homo habilis

Correct Answer

Option D

Solution

(d) Homo habilis preceded Homo erectus in the evolutionary lineage.

Q37

Which one of the following includes all homologous organs?

A The wing of butterfly, wing of bird, wing (patagia) of bat

B The fore limb of frog, wing of bird and fore limb of rabbit

C The thoracic leg of cockroach, the hind leg of frog and fore leg of rabbit

D The wing of bird, wing of bat and wing of flying lizard

Correct Answer

Option B

Solution

(b) Forelimb of frog, wing of bird and forelimb of rabbit have similar structural plan — homologous.

Q38

Random genetic drift in a population probably results from

A large population size

B highly genetically variable individuals

C interbreeding within this population

D constant low mutation rate

Correct Answer

Option C

Solution

(c) Genetic drift results from random fluctuations in allele frequencies due to interbreeding in small populations.

Q39

Theory of Natural selection dwells on

A role of environment in evolution

B natural selection acting on favourable variations

C changes in gene expression resulting in heritable variations

D none of these

Correct Answer

Option C

Solution

(c) Natural selection operates on heritable variations in species.

Q40

Weismann cut off tails of mice generation after generation but tails neither disappeared nor shortened showing that

A Darwin was correct

B Tail is an essential organ

C Mutation theory is wrong

D Lamarckism was wrong in inheritance of acquired characters.

Correct Answer

Option D

Solution

(d) Weismann disproved Lamarck — somatic changes are not inherited.