Evolution

NEET Biology · 96 questions · Page 5 of 10 · Click an option or "Show Solution" to reveal answer

Q41

Two geographical regions separated by high mountains are

A Oriental and Australian

B Palaearctic and Oriental

C Nearctic and Palaearctic

D Neotropical and Ethiopian

Correct Answer

Option B

Solution

(b) Palaearctic and Oriental regions are separated by Himalayan mountains.

Q42

In Australia, marsupials and placental mammals have evolved to share many similar characteristics. This is referred to as

A Convergent evolution

B Adaptive radiation

C Divergent evolution

D Cyclical evolution

Correct Answer

Option A

Solution

(a) Similar traits in unrelated organisms (marsupials and placentals) due to similar ecological niches — convergent evolution.

Q43

Theory of inheritance of acquired characters was given by

A Wallace

B Lamarck

C Darwin

D De Vries

Correct Answer

Option B

Solution

(b) Lamarck: characters acquired during lifetime are inherited by offspring (use and disuse).

Q44

"Continuity of germplasm" theory was given by

A de Vries

B Weismann

C Darwin

D Lamarck

Correct Answer

Option B

Solution

(b) Weismann barrier: genetic information flows only from germplasm to soma, not the reverse.

Q45

Basic principles of embryonic development were pronounced by

A Van Baer

B Weismann

C Haeckel

D Morgan

Correct Answer

Option A

Solution

(a) Von Baer (1828) established embryological development laws, later related to Haeckel biogeogenetic law.

Q46

Parallelism is

A adaptive divergence

B adaptive divergence of widely separated species

C adaptive convergence of widely different species

D adaptive convergence of closely related groups

Correct Answer

Option D

Solution

(d) Parallel evolution: convergent evolution in closely related (recently common ancestor) lineages.

Q47

Which one of the following describes correctly the homologous structures?

A Organs appearing only in embryonic stage and disappearing later in the adult

B Organs with anatomical similarities but performing different functions

C Organs with anatomical dissimilarities but performing same function

D Organs that have no function now but had an important function in ancestors

Correct Answer

Option B

Solution

(b) Homologous organs have similar anatomy and origin but perform different functions.

Q48

Convergent evolution is illustrated by

A dogfish and whale

B rat and dog

C bacterium and protozoan

D starfish and cuttle fish

Correct Answer

Option A

Solution

(a) Dogfish and whale show convergent evolution — similar forms from independent evolutionary paths.

Q49

In a random mating population in equilibrium, which brings about a change in gene frequency in a non-directional manner?

A Migration

B Mutations

C Random drift

D Selection

Correct Answer

Option C

Solution

Q50

According to Darwin and Wallace, the sequence for organic evolution was:

A Variations, natural selection, overproduction, constancy of population size

B Overproduction, variations, constancy of population size, natural selection

C Variations, constancy of population size, overproduction, natural selection

D Overproduction, constancy of population size, variations, natural selection

Correct Answer

Option B

Solution

(b) Darwin: overproduction → struggle → variations → natural selection.

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