Evolution

NEET Biology · 96 questions · Page 8 of 10 · Click an option or "Show Solution" to reveal answer

Q71

Darwin's finches are a good example of:

A Industrial melanism

B Connecting link

C Adaptive radiation

D Convergent evolution

Correct Answer

Option C

Solution

Q72

The idea of mutations was brought forth by

A Gregor Mendel, who worked on Pisum sativum.

B Hugo de Vries, who worked on evening primrose.

C Hardy Weinberg, who worked on allele frequencies.

D Charles Darwin, who observed organisms during sea voyage.

Correct Answer

Option B

Solution

(b) Hugo de Vries introduced the idea of mutations while experimenting on Oenothera lamarckiana.

Q73

Evolution of different species in a given area starting from a point and spreading to other geographical areas is known as:

A Adaptive radiation

B Natural selection

C Migration

D Divergent evolution

Correct Answer

Option A

Solution

(a) Adaptive radiation: evolution of different species from a common ancestor radiating to different habitats.

Q74

The finch species of Galapagos Islands are grouped according to their food sources. Which of the following is not a finch food?

A Seeds

B Carrion

C Insects

D Tree buds

Correct Answer

Option B

Solution

(b) No finches feed on carrion (dead bodies). Darwin observed seed-eating, insect-eating and vegetarian finches.

Q75

Random unidirectional change in allele frequencies that occurs by chance, especially in small populations, is known as

A Mutation

B Migration

C Natural selection

D Genetic drift

Correct Answer

Option D

Solution

(d) Genetic drift is random change in allele number and frequency due to chance, especially in small populations.

Q76

According to Darwin, organic evolution is due to:

A Interspecific competition

B Competition within closely related species

C Reduced feeding efficiency in one species

D Intraspecific competition

Correct Answer

Option D

Solution

(d) Darwin attributed organic evolution to intraspecific competition and natural selection.

Q77

Variation in gene frequencies within populations can occur by chance rather than by natural selection. This is referred to as:

A Genetic drift

B Random mating

C Genetic load

D Genetic flow

Correct Answer

Option A

Solution

(a) Genetic drift is variation in gene frequencies by chance, not natural selection.

Q78

The process by which organisms with different evolutionary history evolve similar phenotypic adaptations is called:

A Convergent evolution

B Non-random evolution

C Adaptive radiation

D Natural selection

Correct Answer

Option A

Solution

(a) Wings of insects, birds and bats evolved independently as a classic example of convergent evolution.

Q79

The eye of octopus and eye of cat show different patterns of structure, yet perform similar function. This is:

A Homologous organs evolved due to divergent evolution.

B Analogous organs evolved due to convergent evolution.

C Analogous organs evolved due to divergent evolution.

D Homologous organs evolved due to convergent evolution.

Correct Answer

Option B

Solution

(b) This is an example of analogous organs due to convergent evolution.

Q80

Which one of the following are analogous structures?

A Wings of Bat and Wings of Pigeon.

B Gills of Prawn and Lungs of Man.

C Thorns of Bougainvillea and Tendrils of Cucurbita

D Flippers of Dolphin and Legs of Horse

Correct Answer

Option B

Solution

(b) Gills of prawn and lungs of man perform similar function (gas exchange) but have different origins — analogous.

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