(d) Tomato and Tobacco both belong to the family Solanaceae.
Solanaceae has some identifying characteristics that include bicarpellary syncarpous superior ovary, axile placentation, fruit is berry or capsule.
(d) Potato is an example of edible underground stem.
It is differentiated into nodes and internodes.
The eyes on potato tuber indicate axillary buds at the nodes.
(a) Pitcher of Nepenthes or pitcher plant is modification of leaf whereas thorns in citrus, tendrils of cucumber and flattened structure of Opuntia are all stem modifications.
(b) Thorns are hard, pointed straight structures for protection against grazing animal. These are modified stem.
(a) Axillary bud is the bud arising in the axil of branch.
Apical bud arises at the apex.
Adventitious bud arises from any location other than its usual location.
(d) Aerial roots of orchids hang freely in the air and absorb moisture with the help of special sponge like tissue called velamen.
(c) Buttress roots are asymmetrically thickened prop roots found at the base of certain trees.
They render additional mechanical support to the trees. e.g.
Salmalia, Terminalia etc.
(b) In the roots of soyabean plant, leghaemoglobin, a pigment with affinity for oxygen, is found.
(d) Sweet potato and turnip both are roots that become modified for special functions, the most common being the formation of storage roots for food storage.
(a) Halophytes growing in saline soils show vivipary for seed germination and have pneumatophores for gaseous exchange.
