(d) Selectable markers help in identification and elimination of non-transformants and selectively permits the growth of the transformants.
(c) Ethidium bromide (EtBr) is used to stain the DNA fragments and will appear as orange coloured bands when kept under UV light.
(c) PCR steps: denaturation, annealing of primers, extension of new DNA strands.
(a) Retrovirus is commonly used as vector for introducing a DNA fragment in human lymphocyte.
(b) Restriction enzymes cut both strands of the double helix at specific points in their sugar phosphate backbone.
(d) To produce enzyme in large quantity, equipment required are bioreactors.
(b) E.coli cloning vector pBR322 contains antibiotic resistance genes for Ampicillin (ampR) and Tetracycline (tetR) as selectable markers.
(a) The separated DNA fragments can be visualised only after staining the DNA with Ethidium bromide followed by exposure to UV radiation.
(c) Palindromic sequences in DNA molecule are group of bases that forms the same sequence when read in both forward and backward direction.
In the given question, only option (c) represent a palindromic sequence.
Bacillus thuringiensis is a source of Cry- proteins.
Thermus aquaticus is a source of thermostable DNA polymerase (Taq polymerase) used in PCR.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a plant pathogen and not a cloning vector.
The construction of 1^s t recombinant DNA molecule was performed using native plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium.
